Cyber-Physical Cloud Battery Management Systems: Review of Security Aspects

Battery management systems (BMSs) are critical to ensure the efficiency and safety of high-power battery energy storage (BESSs) in vehicular stationary applications. Recently, proliferation big data cloud computing advancements has led development a new generation BMSs, named Cloud BMS (CBMS), aiming improve performance BESSs. The CBMS is cyber-physical system with connectivity between physical cloud-based virtual BMS, which realized through communication channel such as Internet Things. Compared traditional offers significantly higher computational resources, leveraging implementation advanced digital twin models best-in-class algorithms software, will provide superior performances. However, for any other CPS, creates vulnerabilities against cyberattacks if not properly secured, could end up damaging BESS and/or causing dangerous, expensive, life-threatening situations. Cybersecurity CBMSs thus become trending topic several works have been published this area recent years. This paper conducts scoping review address different topics related cybersecurity. architecture presented, potential cyberattack surfaces identified. Different possible attack scenarios, including points, types, their impact at component level (BMS BESS) (vehicle or grid), discussed. In addition, provides countermeasures protect cyberattacks. also includes applicable standards regulations that relate topic. Finally, based on reviewed gaps, future research domains cybersecurity identified presented paper.